Relationship between Body Posture Assessed by Dynamic Baropodometry and Dental Occlusion in Patients with and without Dental Pathology.

Body biomechanics and dental occlusion are related, but this interaction is not fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between body posture and occlusion in patients with and without dental pathology. A cross-sectional study was carried out with 29 patients divided into a control group and a group with pathology (malocclusions). Body posture was evaluated by dynamic baropodometry, analyzing parameters such as the line of gait and the anteroposterior and lateral position of the center of pressure (CoP). Occlusion was classified radiographically according to the sagittal skeletal relationship. Results showed significant differences in mean position phase line between groups (p = 0.01-0.02), with means of 115.85 ± 16.98 mm vs. 95.74 ± 24.47 mm (left side) and 109.03 ± 18.03 mm vs. 91.23 ± 20.80 mm (right side) for controls and pathologies, respectively. The effect size was large (Cohen's d 0.97 and 0.92). There were no differences in the anteroposterior (p = 0.38) or lateral (p = 0.78) position of the CoP. In gait analysis, significant differences were observed in left (548.89 ± 127.50 N vs. 360.15 ± 125.78 N, p < 0.001) and right (535.71 ± 131.57 N vs. 342.70 ± 108.40 N, p < 0.001) maximum heel strength between groups. The results suggest an association between body posture and occlusion, although further studies are needed to confirm this relationship. An integrated postural and occlusal approach could optimize the diagnosis and treatment of dental patients.

Improving the Accuracy of Metatarsal Osteotomies in Minimally Invasive Foot Surgery Using a Digital Inclinometer: Preliminary Study.

Minimally invasive foot surgery (MIS) has become a common procedure to treat various pathologies, and accuracy in the angle of metatarsal osteotomies is crucial to ensure optimal results. This randomized controlled trial with 37 patients investigates whether the implementation of a digital inclinometer can improve the accuracy of osteotomies compared to traditional freehand techniques. Patients were randomly allocated to group A (n = 15) receiving inclinometer-assisted surgery or group B (n = 22) receiving conventional surgery. Osteotomies were performed and outcomes were evaluated using an inclinometer. The inclinometer group showed a significant decrease in plantar pressure from 684.1 g/cm2 pretreatment to 449.5 g/cm2 post-treatment (p < 0.001, Cohen's d = 5.477). The control group decreased from 584.5 g/cm2 to 521.5 g/cm2 (p = 0.001, Cohen's d = 0.801). The effect size between groups was large (Cohen's d = -2.572, p < 0.001). The findings indicate a significant improvement in accuracy and reduction in outliers when using an inclinometer, suggesting that this technology has the potential to improve surgical practice and patient outcomes in minimally invasive metatarsal osteotomies.

Relationship between Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury and Subtalar Pronation in Female Basketball Players: Case-Control Study.

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are a common issue in basketball. Several studies point to subtalar pronation as a relevant risk factor for these injuries, despite their multiarticular and multiplanar nature. This study evaluated the correlation between subtalar pronation and ACL injuries in female basketball players. A total of 30 players were recruited and divided into two groups: 15 with previous ACL injury and 15 without injury. The navicular drop test (NDT) and drop vertical jump test were applied to quantify parameters such as navicular drop, calcaneal eversion, ankle dorsiflexion, knee flexion, and dynamic valgus. The results showed significantly higher NDT values (6.93 ± 1.64 mm vs. 5.41 ± 1.96 mm, p = 0.029) and maximum calcaneal eversion angle (10.94 ± 3.22° vs. 5.30 ± 3.33°, p < 0.001) in the injured group. There were also significant differences in maximum dynamic valgus (152.73 ± 15.00° vs. 165.26 ± 5.628°, p = 0.005) and knee flexion (93.70 ± 7.47° vs. 82.92 ± 11.14°, p = 0.004) between groups. These findings suggest that subtalar pronation, assessed by NDT, and calcaneal eversion could be indicators of higher susceptibility to ACL injuries in female basketball players.

Diet and Lifestyle in the Spanish Population and Their Relationship with Sociodemographic Variables: A Descriptive Study.

A healthy lifestyle and proper nutrition have a major impact on the well-being of a population. Therefore, the aim of this research is to describe the behavior of these habits in relation to sociodemographic variables to provide data on the development of effective training and awareness-raising actions. METHODS: An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out. To study the behavior of a series of variables related to eating habits and lifestyle, a questionnaire was designed and validated and subsequently disseminated online, by means of nonprobabilistic snowball sampling, relying on social networks. The sample collected consisted of 18,070 young adults of Spanish nationality. Bivariate comparative analyses were performed using t-test independent samples, and the effect size (ES) was calculated by determining Cohen's D coefficient. A multivariate analysis were conducted using linear regression and principal component analysis. RESULTS: Adults eat better but have a poorer quality of rest and are more sedentary than young people. No gender differences were found in nutritional habits; however, men engage in more sports and sleep better. People with a higher educational level have better nutritional and sleep habits, but are more sedentary, as are people of a higher socioeconomic level. CONCLUSIONS: Higher socioeconomic and educational levels seem to favor a healthier lifestyle. The Spanish population aged 18-45 years needs to make dietary changes but leads an active lifestyle.

Efficacy and safety of condylectomy with minimally invasive surgery in the treatment of interdigital corns of the lesser toes compared to conservative treatment.

BACKGROUND: Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) procedures cause less trauma to the patient and might improve recovery. This study aimed to determine the efficacy and safety of condylectomy with MIS to treat interdigital corns of the lesser toes. METHODS: This prospective cohort study was conducted in seven podiatry centers. Patients with interdigital corns of the lesser toes, progressing for more than a year, with one or more recurrences in the last year following conservative treatments were eligible. The recruited patients were classified according to their treatment: conservative or surgical (condylectomy with MIS) and were compared. Patient satisfaction, pain, the clinical and functional status of the foot and the appearance of sequelae were assessed at 3 and 6 months after treatment. RESULTS: At 6 months, patients in the surgical treatment group showed no pain on pressure, which significantly differed from the conservative treatment group (p <  0.001). They also improved clinical and functional status of the foot, reaching values comparable to those of the standard population. No paresthesia, joint stiffness or instability, toe malalignment, or corn transfer to a contiguous site resulted from the surgical treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Condylectomy with MIS is effective and safe to treat interdigital corns of the lesser toes.

Design of a Three-Dimensional-Printed Surgical Glove for Minimal-Incision Podiatric Surgery.

BACKGROUND: Precision in minimal-incision surgery allows surgeons to achieve accurate osteotomies and patients to avoid risks. Herein, a surgical guide for the foot is designed and validated in vitro using resin foot models for hallux abducto valgus surgery. METHODS: Three individuals with different experience levels (an undergraduate student, a master's student, and an experienced podiatric physician) performed an Akin osteotomy, a Reverdin osteotomy, and a basal osteotomy of the first metatarsal. RESULTS: The average measurements of each osteotomy and the angle of the basal osteotomy do not reveal significant differences among the three surgeons. A shorter deviation from the planned measurements has been observed in variables corresponding to the Akin osteotomy (the maximum deviation in the measurement of the distance from the proximal medial end of the Akin osteotomy to the first metatarsophalangeal joint interline was 1.67 mm, and the maximum deviation from the proximal lateral end of the Akin osteotomy to the first metatarsophalangeal joint interline was 1.00 mm). As for the Reverdin osteotomies, the maximum deviations in the measurement of the distance from the proximal medial end of the osteotomy to the first metatarsophalangeal joint interline were 3.60 and 3.53 mm in the expert and undergraduate surgeons, respectively. All of the osteotomies were precise among the groups, reducing the learning curve to the maximum. CONCLUSIONS: The three-dimensional-printed prototype has been proven effective in guiding surgeons to perform different types of osteotomies. Minimal deviations from the predefined osteotomies were found among the three surgeons.

Distance learning ects and flipped classroom in the anatomy learning: comparative study of the use of augmented reality, video and notes.

BACKGROUND: The establishment of the ECTS (European Credit Transfer System) is one of the pillars of the European Space of Higher Education. This way of accounting for the time spent in training has two essential parts, classroom teaching (work with the professor) and distance learning (work without the professor, whether in an individual or collective way). Much has been published on the distance learning part, but less on the classroom teaching section. In this work, the authors investigate didactic strategies and associated aids for distance learning work in a concept based on flipped classroom where transmitting information is carried out with aids that the professor prepares, so that the student works in an independent way before the classes, thus being able to dedicate the classroom teaching time to more complex learning and being able to count on the professor's help. METHODS: Three teaching aids applied to the study of anatomy have been compared: Notes with images, videos, and augmented reality. Four dimensions have been compared: the time spent, the acquired learnings, the metacognitive perception, and the prospects of the use of augmented reality for study. RESULTS: The results show the effectiveness, in all aspects, of augmented reality when compared with the rest of aids. The questionnaire assessed the acquired knowledge through a course exam, where 5.60 points were obtained for the notes group, 6.54 for the video group, and 7.19 for the augmented reality group. That is 0.94 more points for the video group compared with the notes and 1.59 more points for the augmented reality group compared with the notes group. CONCLUSIONS: This research demonstrates that, although technology has not been sufficiently developed for education, it is expected that it can be improved in both the autonomous work of the student and the academic training of health science students and that we can teach how to learn. Moreover, one can see how the grades of the students who studied with augmented reality are more grouped and that there is less dispersion in the marks compared with other materials.